---
title: Nana Akufo-Addo, the ruling party candidate, was defeated in the 200… — Ghana · tree and pragmatics
description: Nana Akufo-Addo, the ruling party candidate, was defeated in the 2008 general election by John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress. Who acts: John. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ghana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ghana, sentence 107

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From Wikipedia, [«Ghana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Nana Akufo-Addo, the ruling party candidate, was defeated in the 2008 general election by John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress.

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**Who acts:** John · **What happens:** defeat · **To what, where:** Nana, 2008 general election

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ghana:107
# text = Nana Akufo-Addo, the ruling party candidate, was defeated in the 2008 general election by John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress.
1	Nana	Nana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Akufo	Akufo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Addo	Addo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	ruling	ruling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	2008	2008	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
16	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	Atta	Atta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
21	Mills	Mills	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	Democratic	Democratic	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	Congress	Congress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defeat** | past · passive | John of the National Democratic Congress | Nana and Addo |  | the 2008 general election |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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