---
title: Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who i… — Ghana · tree and pragmatics
description: Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is head of state and head of government. Who acts: Ghana, president. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ghana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ghana, sentence 15

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From Wikipedia, [«Ghana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is head of state and head of government.

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**Who acts:** Ghana, president · **What happens:** be, lead · **To what, where:** unitary constitutional democracy, head

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ghana, president), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ghana:15
# text = Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is head of state and head of government.
1	Ghana	ghana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	unitary	unitary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	democracy	democracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ghana | a unitary constitutional democracy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | participle |  | a unitary constitutional democracy *not said here* |  |  |  | by a president and head and head of government | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by president=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a president and head and head of government | head |  |  |  | of state | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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