--- title: In 2013, the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime stated that "… — Ghana · tree and pragmatics description: In 2013, the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime stated that "West Africa is completely weak in terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America have chosen Africa as a way to reach Europe." Who acts: UN chief, West Africa. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ghana» with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/158/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Ghana](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/) / 158 # Ghana, sentence 158 From Wikipedia, [«Ghana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. In 2013, the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime stated that "West Africa is completely weak in terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America have chosen Africa as a way to reach Europe." **Who acts:** UN chief, West Africa · **What happens:** state, be, choose, reach, term · **To what, where:** 2013, terms, Africa, Europe, border control · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (UN chief, West Africa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Ghana:158 # text = In 2013, the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime stated that "West Africa is completely weak in terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America have chosen Africa as a way to reach Europe." 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 2013 2013 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 UN UN PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Office Office PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Drugs Drug PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 Crime Crime PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 14 stated state VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 completely completely ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 advcl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 terms term NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 border border NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 control control NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 29 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 30 drug drug NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 cartels cartel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Colombia Colombia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 Latin Latin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 37 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 chosen choose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 ccomp _ _ 39 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 as as ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 acl _ _ 45 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 44 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 47 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **state** *speech: other* | past | the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime | | | 2013 | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | West Africa | | | terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America | | completely, weak *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **choose** *in a quote* | present · perfect | | Africa | | | | as a way | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme | | 4 | **reach** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | | Europe | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | | 5 | **term** *in a quote* | | | border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America | | | | | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 157](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/157/) - next →: [sentence 159](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/159/) - ↑ back to [Ghana](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/)