---
title: Since 2005, Ghana has been an associate member of the Organisation i… — Ghana · tree and pragmatics
description: Since 2005, Ghana has been an associate member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the global organisation that unites French-speaking countries (84 nations on six continents). Who acts: Ghana, global organisation. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ghana» with its dependency tree and pra
---

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# Ghana, sentence 263

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From Wikipedia, [«Ghana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since 2005, Ghana has been an associate member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the global organisation that unites French-speaking countries (84 nations on six continents).

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**Who acts:** Ghana, global organisation · **What happens:** be, unite, speak · **To what, where:** associate member, French speaking countries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ghana, global organisation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ghana:263
# text = Since 2005, Ghana has been an associate member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the global organisation that unites French-speaking countries (84 nations on six continents).
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	associate	associate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Organisation	Organisation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	internationale	internationale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	13	flat:foreign	_	_
15	la	la	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	13	conj	_	_
16	Francophonie	Francophonie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	global	global	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	unites	unite	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	amod	_	_
26	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	84	84	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	appos	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | Ghana | a associate member and the Organisation internationale |  |  | since 2005 | the Organisation internationale *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **unite** | present | the global organisation | French speaking countries |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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