---
title: Sources vary on life expectancy at birth; the World Health Organizat… — Ghana · tree and pragmatics
description: Sources vary on life expectancy at birth; the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 64 years for women and 62 years for men born in 2016. Who acts: Sources, Health Organization. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ghana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ghana, sentence 291

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From Wikipedia, [«Ghana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Sources vary on life expectancy at birth; the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 64 years for women and 62 years for men born in 2016.

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**Who acts:** Sources, Health Organization · **What happens:** vary, estimate, bear · **To what, where:** life expectancy, men, 2016

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sources, Health Organization), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ghana:291
# text = Sources vary on life expectancy at birth; the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 64 years for women and 62 years for men born in 2016.
1	Sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	vary	vary	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Health	Health	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Organization	Organization	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	WHO	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	64	64	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	62	62	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
26	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vary** | present | Sources |  |  | life expectancy at birth |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **estimate** | past | the Health Organization |  |  |  | year | for women and 62 years; for men | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **bear** | participle |  | men *not said here* |  | 2016 |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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