---
title: By the time Estrada Cabrera assumed the presidency there had been re… — Guatemala · tree and pragmatics
description: By the time Estrada Cabrera assumed the presidency there had been repeated efforts to construct a railroad from the major port of Puerto Barrios to the capital, Guatemala City. Who acts: Estrada. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guatemala» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guatemala, sentence 167

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From Wikipedia, [«Guatemala»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By the time Estrada Cabrera assumed the presidency there had been repeated efforts to construct a railroad from the major port of Puerto Barrios to the capital, Guatemala City.

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**Who acts:** Estrada · **What happens:** assume, repeat, construct · **To what, where:** presidency, railroad, major port

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guatemala». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Estrada), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guatemala:167
# text = By the time Estrada Cabrera assumed the presidency there had been repeated efforts to construct a railroad from the major port of Puerto Barrios to the capital, Guatemala City.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	Estrada	Estrada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Cabrera	Cabrera	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	assumed	assume	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	presidency	presidency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
13	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	construct	construct	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	railroad	railroad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Puerto	Puerto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Barrios	barrio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	Guatemala	Guatemala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assume** | past | Estrada |  |  |  | time |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **repeat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the presidency |  |  |  | efforts *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **construct** | to-infinitive |  | a railroad |  | the major port of Puerto Barrios to the capital and Guatemala City |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent railroad=Result from port=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guatemala», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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