---
title: Critics say that this development leads to higher prices for staple… — Guatemala · tree and pragmatics
description: Critics say that this development leads to higher prices for staple foods like corn, a major ingredient in the Guatemalan diet. Who acts: Critics, development. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guatemala» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guatemala, sentence 458

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From Wikipedia, [«Guatemala»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Critics say that this development leads to higher prices for staple foods like corn, a major ingredient in the Guatemalan diet.

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**Who acts:** Critics, development · **What happens:** say, lead · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guatemala». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Critics, development), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guatemala:458
# text = Critics say that this development leads to higher prices for staple foods like corn, a major ingredient in the Guatemalan diet.
1	Critics	critic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	staple	staple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	foods	food	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	ingredient	ingredient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Guatemalan	Guatemalan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	diet	diet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Critics |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lead** | present | this development |  |  |  |  | to higher prices for staple foods like corn | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to price=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guatemala», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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