---
title: Further efforts to integrate the indigenous into the Ladino society… — Guatemala · tree and pragmatics
description: Further efforts to integrate the indigenous into the Ladino society were made in the following years, including the invention of a special alphabet to assist Mayan students transition to Spanish, and bilingual education in the Q'eqchi' area. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guatemala» with its dependency 
---

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# Guatemala, sentence 494

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From Wikipedia, [«Guatemala»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Further efforts to integrate the indigenous into the Ladino society were made in the following years, including the invention of a special alphabet to assist Mayan students transition to Spanish, and bilingual education in the Q'eqchi' area.

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**What happens:** integrate, make, follow, assist, invent · **To what, where:** indigenous, Further efforts, students transition, special alphabet

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guatemala». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guatemala:494
# text = Further efforts to integrate the indigenous into the Ladino society were made in the following years, including the invention of a special alphabet to assist Mayan students transition to Spanish, and bilingual education in the Q'eqchi' area.
1	Further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	integrate	integrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Ladino	Ladino	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	society	society	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	including	including	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	assist	assist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
27	Mayan	mayan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	compound	_	_
29	transition	transition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	bilingual	bilingual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Q'eqchi	Q'eqchi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	'	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **integrate** | to-infinitive |  | the indigenous into the Ladino society |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent indigenous=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | Further efforts |  |  | year | including the invention of a special alphabet; bilingual education in the Q'eqchi's area *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **assist** | to-infinitive |  | students transition |  |  |  | to Spanish | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transition=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **invent** |  |  | a special alphabet |  |  |  |  | nom invention «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guatemala», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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