---
title: So, an additional expansion of bilingual education took place in 198… — Guatemala · tree and pragmatics
description: So, an additional expansion of bilingual education took place in 1980, when an experimental program in which children were to be instructed in their mother tongue until they are fluent enough in Spanish was created. Who acts: additional expansion, children. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guatemala» with
---

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# Guatemala, sentence 497

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From Wikipedia, [«Guatemala»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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So, an additional expansion of bilingual education took place in 1980, when an experimental program in which children were to be instructed in their mother tongue until they are fluent enough in Spanish was created.

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**Who acts:** additional expansion, children · **What happens:** take, instruct, be, create, expand · **To what, where:** place, 1980, children, experimental program, Spanish, bilingual education

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guatemala». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (additional expansion, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guatemala:497
# text = So, an additional expansion of bilingual education took place in 1980, when an experimental program in which children were to be instructed in their mother tongue until they are fluent enough in Spanish was created.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bilingual	bilingual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	experimental	experimental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
20	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	instructed	instruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
33	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | a additional expansion of bilingual education | place |  | 1980 |  | a experimental program *obl* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in 1980=Location |
| 2 | **instruct** *speech: other* | past · passive | a additional expansion of bilingual education *not said here* | children |  | a experimental program |  | in children's mother tongue | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | children *= child* |  |  | Spanish |  | enough, fluent *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **create** | past · passive | children *= child* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP» |
| 5 | **expand** |  |  | bilingual education |  |  |  |  | nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guatemala», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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