--- title: Guatemala City — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 3 description: Wikipedia's «Guatemala City», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Guatemala City (Ciudad de Guatemala), also known colloquially by the nickname Guate, is the national capital and largest city of the Republic of Guatemala. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guatemala_City/page/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Guatemala City # Guatemala City · page 3 From Wikipedia, [«Guatemala City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guatemala_City/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guatemala_City/page/2/) **3** A [light rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail) line known as [Metro Riel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Riel) is proposed.[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Universities and schools See also: [List of universities in Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Guatemala) Guatemala City is home to ten universities, among them the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, the [University of San Carlos of Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos_of_Guatemala).[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") Founded in 1676, the Universidad de San Carlos is older than all North American universities except for [Harvard University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University).[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") The other nine institutions of higher education to be found in Guatemala City include the Universidad Mariano Gálvez, the Universidad Panamericana, the Universidad Mesoamericana, the Universidad Rafael Landivar, the [Universidad Francisco Marroquín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Francisco_Marroquín), the [Universidad del Valle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_del_Valle_de_Guatemala), the [Universidad del Istmo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_del_Istmo), [Universidad Galileo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_University), Universidad da Vinci, and the Universidad Rural.[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") Whereas these nine named universities are private, the Universidad de San Carlos remains the only public institution of higher learning.[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sports Guatemala City possesses several sportsgrounds and is home to many sports clubs.[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) is the most popular sport, with [CSD Municipal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSD_Municipal), [Aurora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_FC_%28Guatemala%29), and [Comunicaciones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaciones_FC) being the main clubs.[\[43\]](../../page/3/#ref-43 "note 43")[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Doroteo_Guamuch_Flores), located in the Zone 5 of the city, is the largest stadium in the country, followed in capacity by the [Estadio Cementos Progreso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Cementos_Progreso), [Estadio del Ejército](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_del_Ejército), and [Estadio El Trébol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_El_Trébol).[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") An important multi-functional hall is the [Domo Polideportivo de la CDAG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domo_Polideportivo_de_la_CDAG).[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") The city has hosted several promotional functions and some international sports events: in 1950 it hosted the [VI Central American and Caribbean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games), and in 2000 the [FIFA Futsal World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship).[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") On 4 July 2007 the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee) gathered in Guatemala City and voted [Sochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi) to become the host for the [2014 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) and [Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Paralympics).[\[44\]](../../page/3/#ref-44 "note 44")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") In April 2010, it hosted the XIVth Pan-American Mountain Bike Championships.[\[45\]](../../page/3/#ref-45 "note 45")[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") Guatemala City hosted the [2008 edition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_CONCACAF_Futsal_Championship) of the [CONCACAF Futsal Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_and_Central_American_Futsal_Championship), played at the Domo Polideportivo from 2 to 8 June 2008.[\[46\]](../../page/3/#ref-46 "note 46")[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") The [2024 Senior Pan American Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Senior_Pan_American_Championships) will be held in the city from 7 to 9 June at Gimnasio Nacional Teodoro Palacios Flores.[\[47\]](../../page/3/#ref-47 "note 47")[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Panoramic views of Guatemala City ## International relations See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Central America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Central_America) ### International organizations with headquarters in Guatemala City - [Central American Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_American_Parliament)[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Twin towns – sister cities Guatemala City is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") | City | Jurisdiction | Country | Year | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Caracas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracas) [corpus](../../../Caracas/ "in our corpus") | [Capital District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracas) [corpus](../../../Caracas/ "in our corpus") | | 1969 | | [San Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Salvador) [corpus](../../../San_Salvador/ "in our corpus") | [San Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Salvador) [corpus](../../../San_Salvador/ "in our corpus") | | 1979 | | [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid) [corpus](../../../Madrid/ "in our corpus") | [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid) [corpus](../../../Madrid/ "in our corpus") | | 1983[\[48\]](../../page/3/#ref-48 "note 48") | | [Hollywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood,_Florida) | Florida | | 1987[\[49\]](../../page/3/#ref-49 "note 49")[\[50\]](../../page/3/#ref-50 "note 50") | | [Lima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima) [corpus](../../../Lima/ "in our corpus") | [Lima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima) [corpus](../../../Lima/ "in our corpus") | | 1987 | | [Santiago de Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile) | [Metropolitan Santiago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile) | | 1991 | | [Saltillo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltillo) | [Coahuila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coahuila) | | 1993 | | [La Habana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Habana) | [La Habana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Habana) | | 1997 | | [Bogotá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogotá) [corpus](../../../Bogotá/ "in our corpus") | [Distrito Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_Capital) | | 1997 | | [San Pedro Sula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_Sula) | [Cortés](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortés,_Honduras) | | 1999 | | [Santa Cruz de Tenerife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife) | [Santa Cruz de Tenerife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife) | | 2002 | | [San José](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_José,_Costa_Rica) [corpus](../../../San_José,_Costa_Rica/ "in our corpus") | [San José](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_José,_Costa_Rica) [corpus](../../../San_José,_Costa_Rica/ "in our corpus") | | 2005 | | [Ciudad de Panamá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_City) [corpus](../../../Panama_City/ "in our corpus") | [Panamá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_City) [corpus](../../../Panama_City/ "in our corpus") | | 2005 | | [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei) [corpus](../../../Taipei/ "in our corpus") | [Northern Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Taiwan) | | 2007[\[51\]](../../page/3/#ref-51 "note 51") | | [Managua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managua) [corpus](../../../Managua/ "in our corpus") | [Managua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managua_Department) | | 2008 | | Beijing | Beijing | | 2009 | | [Providence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island) | [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island) | | 2016[\[52\]](../../page/3/#ref-52 "note 52") | ## Notable people - [Manuel Colom Argueta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Colom_Argueta), former mayor of Guatemala City and politician[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Álvaro Arzú](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Álvaro_Arzú), former President of Guatemala and six times mayor of Guatemala City[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Miguel Ángel Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Ángel_Asturias), writer and diplomat, Nobel Prize Laureate[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Raúl Aguilar Batres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raúl_Aguilar_Batres), engineer, creator of Guatemala City's system of avenue/street notation[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") - [María Dolores Bedoya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/María_Dolores_Bedoya), Central American independence activist[\[53\]](../../page/3/#ref-53 "note 53")[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Marvin Ceballos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Ceballos), professional footballer[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sergio Custodio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Custodio), professor and writer in logic and metaphysics[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Toti Fernández](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toti_Fernández), triathlete and ultramarathon runner[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alejandro Giammattei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Giammattei), former President of Guatemala[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Juan José Gutiérrez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_José_Gutiérrez), CEO of [Pollo Campero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollo_Campero) and on the board of directors of [Corporación Multi Inversiones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporación_Multi_Inversiones).[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") He has been featured on the cover of [Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek) as Super CEO and named one of the Ten Big Thinkers for Big Business.[\[54\]](../../page/3/#ref-54 "note 54")[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nicholas Hagen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Hagen), professional footballer[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ted Hendricks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Hendricks), [Oakland Raiders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Raiders) NFL Hall of Fame Linebacker, 4-time Super Bowl Champion.[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Jorge de León](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_de_León_%28performance_artist%29), performance artist[\[55\]](../../page/3/#ref-55 "note 55")[181](../../181/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Zipacná de León](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipacná_de_León) (1948–2002), painter[182](../../182/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ronald MacKay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_MacKay), YouTuber and voice actor[183](../../183/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Carlos Mérida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Mérida), painter[184](../../184/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Jimmy Morales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Morales), former President of Guatemala[185](../../185/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gaby Moreno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaby_Moreno), singer-songwriter[186](../../186/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Marco Pappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Pappa), former professional footballer[187](../../187/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Carlos Peña](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Peña_%28singer%29), singer, winner of Latin American Idol 2007[188](../../188/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Juan Carlos Plata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Plata), former professional footballer[189](../../189/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Luis Oliva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Oliva_%28Guatemalan_actor%29), actor, singer and director[190](../../190/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Georgina Pontaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgina_Pontaza), actress and artistic director of the Teatro Abril and Teatro Fantasía[191](../../191/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fernando Quevedo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Quevedo), theoretical physicist, professor of High Energy Physics at the University of Cambridge[192](../../192/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rodolfo Robles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo_Robles), physician; discovered onchocercosis "Robles' Disease"[193](../../193/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Stheven Robles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stheven_Robles), professional footballer[194](../../194/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Fabiola Rodas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabiola_Rodas), winner of The Third TV Azteca's [Desafio de Estrellas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desafio_de_Estrellas), 2nd place in The Last Generation of [La Academia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Academia)[195](../../195/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Carlos Ruíz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Ruiz_%28Guatemalan_footballer%29), former professional footballer[196](../../196/ "tree and pragmatics") - Gabriela Asturias Ruiz, neuroscientist[197](../../197/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rodrigo Saravia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Saravia), professional footballer[198](../../198/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Shery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shery), singer-songwriter[199](../../199/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Federico Urruela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Urruela), recipient of the [Order of Antonio José de Irisarri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Antonio_José_de_Irisarri)[200](../../200/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Jaime Viñals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Viñals), mountaineer; scaled seven highest peaks in the world[201](../../201/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Luis von Ahn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn), computer scientist, founder of [Duolingo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duolingo), [CAPTCHA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA)'s creator and researcher at [Carnegie Mellon University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University)[202](../../202/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Lorena Cabnal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorena_Cabnal)[203](../../203/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [List of places in Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_Guatemala) ## Notes and references ## Bibliography - Almengor, Oscar Guillermo (1994). "[204](../../204/ "tree and pragmatics") La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción y los terremotos de 1917–18".[205](../../205/ "tree and pragmatics") Ciudad de Guatemala.[206](../../206/ "tree and pragmatics") Centro de estudios urbanos y regionales-USAC.[207](../../207/ "tree and pragmatics") - Assardo, Luis (2010). "[208](../../208/ "tree and pragmatics") [Llueve ceniza y piedras del Volcán de Pacaya](http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20100527/pais/154149/)".[209](../../209/ "tree and pragmatics") El Periódico.[210](../../210/ "tree and pragmatics") - Baily, John (1850). "[211](../../211/ "tree and pragmatics") [Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica](http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7306/view/1/72/)".[212](../../212/ "tree and pragmatics") Trelawney Saunders.[213](../../213/ "tree and pragmatics") - Barrios Vital, Jenny Ivette (2006). "[214](../../214/ "tree and pragmatics") [Restauración y revitalización del complejo arquitectónico de la Recolección](http://biblioteca.usac.edu.gt/tesis/02/02_1658.pdf)".[215](../../215/ "tree and pragmatics") [University of San Carlos of Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos_of_Guatemala).[216](../../216/ "tree and pragmatics") - Bascome Jones, J.; Scoullar, William T.; Soto Hall, Máximo (1915). "[217](../../217/ "tree and pragmatics") [El Libro azul de Guatemala](https://books.google.com/books?id=rPlRAQAAIAAJ)".[218](../../218/ "tree and pragmatics") Searcy & Pfaff.[219](../../219/ "tree and pragmatics") - Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico (1999). "[220](../../220/ "tree and pragmatics") [Atentados contra la libertad](http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/mds/spanish/cap2/vol4/integ.html)".[221](../../221/ "tree and pragmatics") Programa de Ciencia y Derechos Humanos, Asociación Americana del Avance de la Ciencia.[222](../../222/ "tree and pragmatics") Guatemala: memoria del silencio.[223](../../223/ "tree and pragmatics") - Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico: Vol. IV (1999). "[224](../../224/ "tree and pragmatics") [Atentados contra sedes municipales](http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/mds/spanish/cap2/vol4/muni.html)".[225](../../225/ "tree and pragmatics") Programa de Ciencia y Derechos Humanos, Asociación Americana del Avance de la Ciencia.[226](../../226/ "tree and pragmatics") Guatemala: memoria del silencio.[227](../../227/ "tree and pragmatics") - Conkling, Alfred R. (1884). "[228](../../228/ "tree and pragmatics") [Appleton's guide to Mexico, including a chapter on Guatemala, and a complete English-Spanish vocabulary](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Appleton%27s_Guide_to_Mexico.djvu/9)".[229](../../229/ "tree and pragmatics") D. Appleton and Company.[230](../../230/ "tree and pragmatics") - Dary Fuentes, Claudia (1994). "[231](../../231/ "tree and pragmatics") Una ciudad que empezaba a crecer".[232](../../232/ "tree and pragmatics") Revista Crónica, suplemento Revolución.[233](../../233/ "tree and pragmatics") Editorial Anahté.[234](../../234/ "tree and pragmatics") - Diario de Navarra (2010). "[235](../../235/ "tree and pragmatics") [El volcán Pacaya continúa activo y obliga a seguir con evacuaciones](http://www.diariodenavarra.es/20100530/internacional/el-volcan-pacay-continua-activo-obliga-seguir-evacuaciones.html?not=2010053001435867&idnot=2010053001435867&dia=20100530&seccion=internacional&seccion2=internacional&chnl=30)".[236](../../236/ "tree and pragmatics") Diario de Navarra.[237](../../237/ "tree and pragmatics") - El País (2010). "[238](../../238/ "tree and pragmatics") [Socavón causado por la tormenta Agatha](http://www.elpais.com/fotogaleria/tormenta/tropical/Agatha/arrasa/America/Central/elpgal/20100531elpepuint_2/Zes/1)".[239](../../239/ "tree and pragmatics") El País.[240](../../240/ "tree and pragmatics") - El Periódico (31 January 2012). "[241](../../241/ "tree and pragmatics") [Quema de embajada española](http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20120131/opinion/207260)". elPeriódico.[242](../../242/ "tree and pragmatics") - Figueroa, Luis (2011). "[243](../../243/ "tree and pragmatics") [Bombazo en el Palacio Nacional](http://luisfi61.com/2011/11/29/bombazo_palacio_nacional/)".[244](../../244/ "tree and pragmatics") Luis Figueroa Blog.[245](../../245/ "tree and pragmatics") - González Davison, Fernando (2008). "[246](../../246/ "tree and pragmatics") La montaña infinita;Carrera, caudillo de Guatemala".[247](../../247/ "tree and pragmatics") Artemis y Edinter.[248](../../248/ "tree and pragmatics") - Guateantaño (17 October 2011). "[249](../../249/ "tree and pragmatics") [Parques y plazas antiguas de Guatemala](http://guatepalabras.blogspot.com/2011/10/parques-y-plazas-antiguas-de-guatemala.html)".[250](../../250/ "tree and pragmatics") Guatepalabras Blogspot.[251](../../251/ "tree and pragmatics") - Halliday, W.R.[252](../../252/ "tree and pragmatics") (2007). "[253](../../253/ "tree and pragmatics") Pseudokarst in the 21st century".[254](../../254/ "tree and pragmatics") Journal of Cave and Karst Studies.[255](../../255/ "tree and pragmatics") - INE (2013). "[256](../../256/ "tree and pragmatics") [Caracterización Departamental, Guatemala 2012](http://ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2014/02/26/5eTCcFlHErnaNVeUmm3iabXHaKgXtw0C.pdf)".[257](../../257/ "tree and pragmatics") Instituto Nacional de Estadística.[258](../../258/ "tree and pragmatics") Gobierno de Guatemala.[259](../../259/ "tree and pragmatics") - Hernández de León, Federico (1959). "[260](../../260/ "tree and pragmatics") El capítulo de las efemérides".[261](../../261/ "tree and pragmatics") Diario La Hora.[262](../../262/ "tree and pragmatics") - Hernández de León, Federico (1930). "[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") El libro de las efemérides".[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") Tipografía Sánchez y de Guise.[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") - La Hora (2013). "[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") [Una crónica impactante en el aniversario de la quema de la Embajada de España tras 33 años de impunidad](http://www.lahora.com.gt/index.php/nacional/guatemala/reportajes-y-entrevistas/172731-una-cronica-impactante-en-el-aniversario-de-la-quema-de-la-embajada-de-espana-tras-33-anos-de-impunidad-)".[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") Diario La Hora.[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") - La otra memoria histórica (5 December 2011). "[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") [Guatemala, viudas y huérfanos que dejó el comunismo](http://laotramemoriahistorica.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/12/05/guatemala-viudas-y-huerfanos-dejo-comunismo)".[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") La otra memoria histórica.[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") - Milla y Vidaurre, José (1980). "[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") Cuadros de Costumbres".[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") Escolar Piedra Santa.[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") - Moncada Maya, José Omar (n.d.). "[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") En torno a la destrucción de la ciudad de Guatemala, 1773.[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") Una carta del ingeniero militar Antonio Marín".[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") Ub.es.[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") - Morán Mérida, Amanda (1994). "[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") [Movimientos de pobladores en la Ciudad de Guatemala (1944–1954)](http://ceur.usac.edu.gt/pdf/Boletin/Boletin_CEUR_23.pdf)".[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") Boletín del CEUR-USAC.[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") Centro de estudios urbanos y regionales-USAC.[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") - Mundo Chapín (2013). "[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") [La Aurora y el Hipódromo del Sur](http://mundochapin.com/2013/03/la-aurora-hipodromo-del-sur/14833/)".[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") Mundo Chapín.[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") - Municipalidad de Guatemala (2007). "[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") [Conmemoración de los doscientos treinta años de fundación de la Ciudad de Guatemala](http://mu.muniguate.com/index.php/component/content/article/130)".[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") Boletín de la Municipalidad de Guatemala.[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") - Municipalidad de Guatemala (2008). "[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") [Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial, Ciudad de Guatemala](http://pot.muniguate.com/reglamento_pot_mapa.php)".[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") - Municipalidad de Guatemala (August 2008a). "[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") [Paso a desnivel de Tecún Umán](http://cultura.muniguate.com/index.php/component/content/article/43-fincaaurora/174-pasoadesnivel)".[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") Segmento cultural de la Municipalidad de Guatemala.[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") - Municipalidad de Guatemala (2014). "[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") [Mi barrio querido, Ciudad de Guatemala](http://cultura.muniguate.com/index.php)".[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Museo Ixchel](http://www.museoixchel.org) (2008). "[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") Museo Ixchel".[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") Museo Ixchel del traje indígena.[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") - Population data (2012). "[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") [Guatemala population](http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=pays&pid=79&nom=guatemala)".[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") Population data.[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") - Prensa Libre (6 September 1980). "[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") Avalancha terrorista en contra de la manifestación de mañana; poder público y transporte extraurbano blancos de ataque".[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") Prensa Libre.[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") - Reilly, Michael (2 June 2010). "[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") [Don't Call the Guatemala Sinkhole a Sinkhole](http://news.discovery.com/earth/dont-call-the-guatemala-sinkhole-a-sinkhole.html)".[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") Discovery News.[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). "[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") [The Ancient Maya](https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar)".[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") [Stanford University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_Press).[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sydney Morning Herald (2010). "[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") [Hole that swallowed a three-story building](http://www.smh.com.au/world/hole-that-swallowed-a-threestorey-building-20100601-wvgg.html)".[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") Sydney Morning Herald.[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") - Walker, Peter (2010). "[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") [Tropical Storm Agatha blows a hole in Guatemala City](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/01/storm-agatha-hole-guatemala)".[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") The Guardian.[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") - Waltham, T. (2008). "[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") [Sinkhole hazard case histories in karst terrains](http://qjegh.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/41/3/291)".[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology.[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") - Woodward Jr., Ralph Lee (2002). "[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") [Rafael Carrera y la creación de la República de Guatemala, 1821–1871](http://www.plumsock.org/mono12.htm)".[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") Serie Monográfica.[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") CIRMA y Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies.[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") - Woodward Jr., Ralph Lee (1993). "[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") [Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821–1871](http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780820343600)".[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") University of Georgia Press.[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Further reading Romero, Simon; García, Jody; Volpe, Daniele (18 January 2024). "[New Utopian Enclave? Or a Testament to Inequality?](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/18/world/americas/cayala-guatemala.html)". *The New York Times*. ## External links [Official Website of the Municipalidad de Guatemala](http://www.muniguate.com/) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guatemala_City/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guatemala_City/page/2/) **3** ## References {#references} 1\. "[CONMEMORACION DE LOS DOSCIENTOS TREINTA AÑOS DE FUNDACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD DE GUATEMALA](http://mu.muniguate.com/index.php/component/content/article/130)". 2006-01-01. 2\. [Guatemala (municipality) - *City Population*](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/guatemala/admin/guatemala/0101__guatemala/) 3\. "[Guatemala: Administrative Division (Departments and Municipalities)](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/guatemala/admin/)". *City Population*. 6 September 2023. 4\. "[Guatemala City Guatemala Metro Area Population](https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/cities/21124/guatemala-city/population)". *Macrotrends*. 5\. "[Resultados Censo 2018](https://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2021/11/19/202111192139096rGNQ5SfAlepmPGfYTovW9MF6X2turyT.pdf)". Instituto Nacional de Estadística Guatemala. Dec 2019. 6\. "[TelluBase—Guatemala Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)](https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_gtm.pdf)". Tellusant. 7\. "[The Climate of Guatemala](https://www.bluegreenatlas.com/climate/guatemala_climate.html)". The Blue Green Atlas. 2019. 8\. "[Carlos Enrique Valladares Cerezo, "The case of Guatemala City, Guatemala"](https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Guatemala.pdf)". 9\. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "[Antigua Guatemala](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/65/)". *UNESCO World Heritage Centre*. 10\. Encyclopædia Britannica. (2019). [United Provinces of Central America](https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Provinces-of-Central-America). In *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Retrieved 26 June 2022. 11\. Quiñónez, Edgar (15 August 2023). "[Día de la Asunción: por qué se celebra el 15 de agosto en Guatemala](https://republica.gt/vive-guatemala/dia-de-la-asuncion-por-que-se-celebra-el-15-de-agosto-en-guatemala-20238141530)" \[Assumption Day: why August 15 is celebrated in Guatemala\]. *República*. 12\. "[Historia. Historia de la Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción](https://www.muniguate.com/historia/)" \[History of the New Guatemala of the Assumption\]. *MuniGuate*. Municipality of Guatemala. 13\. Sharpe, Ashley E., Bárbara Arroyo, Javier Estrada, Gloria Ajú, and Emanuel Serech. “Dogs for the Gods, Fish for the Feast: The Ceremonial Role of Animals at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala.” Latin American Antiquity 33, no. 2 (2022): 222. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27362414. 14\. Wright, Lori E.; Valdés, Juan Antonio; Burton, James H.; Douglas Price, T.; Schwarcz, Henry P. (June 2010). "[The children of Kaminaljuyu: Isotopic insight into diet and long distance interaction in Mesoamerica](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2010.01.002)". *Journal of Anthropological Archaeology*. 15\. Sharpe, Ashley E., Bárbara Arroyo, Javier Estrada, Gloria Ajú, and Emanuel Serech. “Dogs for the Gods, Fish for the Feast: The Ceremonial Role of Animals at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala.” Latin American Antiquity 33, no. 2 (2022): 223. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27362414. 16\. Called Santiago de los Caballeros before the earthquake. 17\. Officially named: Catedral Primada Metropolitana de Santiago. 18\. "[Guatemala City \| Population, Map, Antigua, & History](https://www.britannica.com/place/Guatemala-City)". *Britannica*. 2025-09-05. 19\. Municipalidad de Guatemala 2008. 20\. "[City Layout in Guatemala City](https://www.frommers.com/destinations/guatemala-city/city-layout)". *Frommer's*. 21\. Morán Mérida 1994, p. 9. 22\. "[Guatemala City, Guatemala Travel Weather Averages](http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=14687&refer=&units=metric)". *Weatherbase*. 23\. "[MTU-VP Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala](http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/central_america/guatemala/pacaya/gvn/sepgvn.html)". Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences \| Michigan Technological University. 1 June 1995. 24\. Carlos Llorca, Juan (7 October 2005). "[Mudslide in Guatemala kills dozens](http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051007/news_1n7stan.html)". *San Diego Union-Tribune*. SignOnSanDiego. 25\. Waltham 2008, p. 291–300. 26\. Halliday 2007, p. 103–113. 27\. David L Miller (4 July 2009). "[Massive Guatemala Sinkhole Kills 2 Teens](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/massive-guatemala-sinkhole-kills-2-teens/)". *CBS News*. 28\. Municipalidad de Guatemala 2014. 29\. Constantino Diaz-Duran (1 June 2010). "[Sinkhole in Guatemala City Might Not Be the Last](http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-06-01/sinkhole-in-guatemala-city-might-not-be-the-last/)". *The Daily Beast*. 30\. "[World Weather Information Service – Guatemala City](https://wmo.int)". World Meteorological Organization. 31\. "[WMO Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)](https://noaa.gov)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 32\. \|source 1 = [World Meteorological Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization) (Precipitation/Temperature/Rain days 1991–2020)\[30\] \|source 2 = [NOAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA) (Sunshine, Humidity & Extremes baseline data)\[31\] 33\. "[Guatemala: Estimaciones de la Población total por municipio. Período 2008–2020.](http://www.oj.gob.gt/estadisticaj/reportes/poblacion-total-por-municipio%281%29.pdf)" \[Guatemala: Estimates of the total population by municipality. 2008–2020 period.\]. *Organismo Judicial República de Guatemala*. 34\. "[Productividad y eficiencia: La Municipalidad incorpora tecnología para atender al vecino](http://osu.muniguate.com/index.php/obras/40-temas/1868-productividad)" \[Productivity and efficiency: The municipality incorporates technology to service the neighbor\]. *Muniguate*. 21 October 2018. 35\. "[CIA World Factbook, Guatemala](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/)". July 2011. 36\. INE 2013, p. 13. 37\. Morán Mérida 1994, p. 14. 38\. Morán Mérida 1994, p. 14–17. 39\. "[Mapa en Relieve de Guatemala](http://www.funtec-guatemala.org/page6.html)". *Funtec-Guatemala*. 40\. Landmark next to which was held the first council meeting in the newly founded Guatemala City in 1776 41\. Museo Ixchel 2008. 42\. [Short documentary about Cayalá, the new district of Guatemala City using vernacular architecture](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrnAsMSwGbg) , 2023 (The Aesthetic City) 43\. "[Instalaciones Deportivas de la Ciudad de Guatemala](https://cdag.com.gt/complejos/)". Confederación Deportiva Autónoma de Guatemala (CDAG). 44\. "[Topnews – Sport – Remscheid: Remscheider General-Anzeiger](http://www.rga-online.de/sport/topnews.php?publikation=2&template=phparttext_tt&ausgabe=42929&redaktion=1&artikel=108623013)". *Rga-online.de*. 45\. "[XIVth Pan-American Mountain Bike Championships](http://www.guatepanamericanomtb2010.com/)". *guatepanamericanomtb2010.com*. 46\. "[Futsal Championship 2008 Recap](http://www.concacaf.com/article/futsal-championship-2008-recap)". *CONCACAF*. 47\. "[FIG – Event Detail – 17733](https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/events/detail.php?id=17733#loaded)". *www.gymnastics.sport*. 48\. "[Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas](http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=especial1&idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD)". Ayuntamiento de Madrid. 49\. "[Hollywood Adds Laayoune, Morocco as Sister City](https://www.hollywoodfl.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?CID=6&searchTerms=guatemala+city)". *City of Hollywood*. 10 May 2023. 50\. "[Guatemala capital may be sister city](https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1987/07/12/guatemala-capital-may-be-sister-city/)". *Sun Sentinel*. 12 July 1987. 51\. "[Taipei – International Sister Cities](http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm)". *Taipei City Council*. 52\. "[Guatemala City now sister city with Rhode Island's capital](https://apnews.com/135d3fd99b364779951e35e2c6add1f5)". *AP NEWS*. 12 October 2016. 53\. AGN. "[María Dolores, la única mujer que participó en la independencia de Guatemala \| Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias](https://www.agn.com.gt/maria-dolores-la-unica-mujer-que-participo-en-la-independencia-de-guatemala/)". 54\. Contreras, Joseph (2005). "[10 Big Thinkers for Big Business](http://www.newsweek.com/id/49842/page/4)". *[Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek)*. 55\. Estey, Myles (15 August 2011). "[Guatemala: art out of violence](http://mobile.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/110811/art-guatemala-artists-central-america)". *Global Post*. 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