---
title: According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a f… — Guinea-Bissau · tree and pragmatics
description: According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a first language and about 40% speak it as a second language. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guinea-Bissau» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guinea-Bissau, sentence 10

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From Wikipedia, [«Guinea-Bissau»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a first language and about 40% speak it as a second language.

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**What happens:** accord, speak · **To what, where:** Creole, language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau:10
# text = According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a first language and about 40% speak it as a second language.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	2012	2012	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	54	54	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Creole	Creole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	about	about	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
22	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	27	amod	_	_
27	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present |  | Creole |  |  |  | accord a 2012 study; as a first language | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present |  | language |  |  |  | as a second language | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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