---
title: The earliest inhabitants were the Jola, Papel, Manjak, Balanta, and… — Guinea-Bissau · tree and pragmatics
description: The earliest inhabitants were the Jola, Papel, Manjak, Balanta, and Biafada peoples. Who acts: earliest inhabitants. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guinea-Bissau» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guinea-Bissau, sentence 18

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From Wikipedia, [«Guinea-Bissau»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The earliest inhabitants were the Jola, Papel, Manjak, Balanta, and Biafada peoples.

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**Who acts:** earliest inhabitants · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Jola

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau:18
# text = The earliest inhabitants were the Jola, Papel, Manjak, Balanta, and Biafada peoples.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Jola	Jola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Papel	Papel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Manjak	Manjak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Balanta	Balanta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	Biafada	Biafada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the earliest inhabitants | the Jola and Manjak and Balanta and Biafada peoples |  |  |  | Manjak *conj*; Balanta *conj*; Biafada peoples *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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- ↑ back to [Guinea-Bissau](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guinea-Bissau/)