---
title: Items traded included pepper and kola nuts from the southern forests… — Guinea-Bissau · tree and pragmatics
description: Items traded included pepper and kola nuts from the southern forests; iron and iron utensils from the savannah-forest zone; salt and dried fish from the coast; and Mandinka cotton cloth. Who acts: Items. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guinea-Bissau» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guinea-Bissau, sentence 26

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From Wikipedia, [«Guinea-Bissau»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Items traded included pepper and kola nuts from the southern forests; iron and iron utensils from the savannah-forest zone; salt and dried fish from the coast; and Mandinka cotton cloth.

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**Who acts:** Items · **What happens:** trade, include, dry · **To what, where:** included pepper, southern forests, fish, coast

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Items), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau:26
# text = Items traded included pepper and kola nuts from the southern forests; iron and iron utensils from the savannah-forest zone; salt and dried fish from the coast; and Mandinka cotton cloth.
1	Items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	included	include	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	pepper	pepper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	kola	kola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	utensils	utensil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	savannah	savannah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	zone	zone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	dried	dry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
27	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Mandinka	Mandinka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
34	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Items | included pepper and kola nuts |  | the southern forests |  | iron utensils from the forest zone *obl*; salt *obl*; Mandinka cotton cloth *obl* | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pepper=Theme |
| 2 | **include** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dry** | past | Items *not said here* | fish |  | the coast |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient fish=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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