---
title: Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barb… — Guinea-Bissau · tree and pragmatics
description: Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denomi
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Guinea-Bissau/319/)

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# Guinea-Bissau, sentence 319

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From Wikipedia, [«Guinea-Bissau»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denominations of their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages: their customs, modes, and manners, languages, religions, and inexhaustible treasure: with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter, and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds, and serpents".

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**Who acts:** Africa, accurate description · **What happens:** be, belong · **To what, where:** accurate description

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, accurate description), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau:319
# text = Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denominations of their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages: their customs, modes, and manners, languages, religions, and inexhaustible treasure: with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter, and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds, and serpents".
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Aegypt	Aegypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Barbary	Barbary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Lybia	Lybia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Billedulgerid	Billedulgerid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Negroes	negro	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Guinee	Guinee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Aethiopia	Aethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Abyssines	Abyssine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	37	det:predet	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc:preconj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	Atlantick	Atlantick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
49	Oriental	Oriental	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	_
50	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
53	thereunto	thereunto	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	58	punct	_	_
55	with	with	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	denominations	denomination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
61	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	harbors	harbor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
65	creeks	creek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
67	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
69	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
71	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	_
73	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
75	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	_
77	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	_
78	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	81	punct	_	_
80	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	81	nmod:poss	_	_
81	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	83	punct	_	_
83	modes	mode	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	81	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	86	punct	_	_
85	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	86	cc	_	_
86	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	88	punct	_	_
88	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	90	punct	_	_
90	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
91	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	94	punct	_	_
92	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	94	cc	_	_
93	inexhaustible	inexhaustible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	94	amod	_	_
94	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
95	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	98	punct	_	_
96	with	with	ADP	IN	_	98	case	_	_
97	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	98	nmod:poss	_	_
98	governments	government	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	_
99	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	100	cc	_	_
100	policy	policy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	98	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
101	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	102	punct	_	_
102	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	98	appos	_	_
103	of	of	ADP	IN	_	104	case	_	_
104	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	102	nmod	_	_
105	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	106	cc	_	_
106	barter	barter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	104	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	113	punct	_	_
108	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	113	cc	_	_
109	also	also	ADV	RB	_	113	advmod	_	_
110	of	of	ADP	IN	_	113	case	_	_
111	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	113	nmod:poss	_	_
112	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	113	amod	_	_
113	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
114	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	115	punct	_	_
115	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	117	punct	_	_
117	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
118	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	120	punct	_	_
119	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	120	cc	_	_
120	serpents	serpent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
121	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	120	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
122	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund | Africa | a accurate description |  |  |  | of the regions of Aegypt and Barbary and Lybia and Billedulgerid; the Abyssines and all adjacent islands *nmod*; the land of Negroes *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund | a accurate description *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the several denominations of denominations's coasts and harbors and creeks and rivers and lakes and cities and towns and castles and villages and villages's customs and modes and manners and languages and religions and inexhaustible treasure and religions's governments and policy and religions's wonderful plants and beasts and birds; thereunto *property* | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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