---
title: Meanwhile, the Portuguese monopoly, always leaky, was being increasi… — Guinea-Bissau · tree and pragmatics
description: Meanwhile, the Portuguese monopoly, always leaky, was being increasingly challenged. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Guinea-Bissau» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Guinea-Bissau, sentence 75

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From Wikipedia, [«Guinea-Bissau»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Meanwhile, the Portuguese monopoly, always leaky, was being increasingly challenged.

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**What happens:** challenge · **To what, where:** Portuguese monopoly

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau:75
# text = Meanwhile, the Portuguese monopoly, always leaky, was being increasingly challenged.
1	Meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
8	leaky	leaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	increasingly	increasingly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	challenged	challenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **challenge** | past · progressive · passive |  | the Portuguese monopoly |  |  |  | increasingly, meanwhile *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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