---
title: By late 2023, gangs and armed groups controlled an estimated 80% of… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: By late 2023, gangs and armed groups controlled an estimated 80% of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Who acts: gangs. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/276/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Haiti](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/) / 276

# Haiti, sentence 276

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By late 2023, gangs and armed groups controlled an estimated 80% of the capital, Port-au-Prince.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gangs · **What happens:** control, estimate

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gangs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:276
# text = By late 2023, gangs and armed groups controlled an estimated 80% of the capital, Port-au-Prince.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	2023	2023	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	gangs	gang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	controlled	control	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | past | gangs and armed groups |  |  |  |  | by late 2023 | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent %=Theme |
| 2 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 275](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/275/)
- next →: [sentence 277](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/277/)
- ↑ back to [Haiti](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/)