---
title: During 2023, gangs killed 4,789 people, kidnapped 2,490 more and dis… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: During 2023, gangs killed 4,789 people, kidnapped 2,490 more and displaced an estimated 362,000 from their homes (mostly in Port-au-Prince). Who acts: gangs. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Haiti, sentence 277

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From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During 2023, gangs killed 4,789 people, kidnapped 2,490 more and displaced an estimated 362,000 from their homes (mostly in Port-au-Prince).

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**Who acts:** gangs · **What happens:** kill, kidnap, displace, estimate · **To what, where:** 4,789 people, 2,490 more, estimated homes, 362,000

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gangs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:277
# text = During 2023, gangs killed 4,789 people, kidnapped 2,490 more and displaced an estimated 362,000 from their homes (mostly in Port-au-Prince).
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2023	2023	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	gangs	gang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	4,789	4,789	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	kidnapped	kidnap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	2,490	2,490	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	displaced	displace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
15	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
16	362,000	362,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past | gangs | 4,789 people |  |  | during 2023 |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **kidnap** | past | gangs *not said here* | 2,490 more |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |
| 3 | **displace** | past | gangs *not said here* | gangs's estimated homes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **estimate** | participle |  | 362,000 |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent 362,000=Value |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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