---
title: In the past, Haiti used rail transport; however, the rail infrastruc… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: In the past, Haiti used rail transport; however, the rail infrastructure was poorly maintained when in use and cost of rehabilitation is beyond the means of the Haitian economy. Who acts: Haiti, the. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/515/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Haiti](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/) / 515

# Haiti, sentence 515

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, Haiti used rail transport; however, the rail infrastructure was poorly maintained when in use and cost of rehabilitation is beyond the means of the Haitian economy.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Haiti, the · **What happens:** use, maintain, be, cost · **To what, where:** rail transport, past, rail infrastructure, use, rehabilitation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haiti, the), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:515
# text = In the past, Haiti used rail transport; however, the rail infrastructure was poorly maintained when in use and cost of rehabilitation is beyond the means of the Haitian economy.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Haiti	Haiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	rail	rail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	transport	transport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
10	however	however	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	rail	rail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	poorly	poorly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
18	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	28	mark	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	rehabilitation	rehabilitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	nsubj	_	_
28	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Haitian	haitian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Haiti | rail transport |  | the past |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transport=Patient |
| 2 | **maintain** | past · passive |  | the rail infrastructure |  |  |  | however, poorly *property* | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the |  |  | use and cost of rehabilitation |  | of the Haitian economy; mean *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cost** |  |  | rehabilitation |  |  |  |  | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 514](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/514/)
- next →: [sentence 516](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/516/)
- ↑ back to [Haiti](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/)