---
title: The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked b… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked by vast numbers of those enslaved imported from Africa, and Saint-Domingue grew to become their richest colonial possession, generating 40% of France’s foreign trade and doubling the wealth generation of all of England’s colonies, co
---

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# Haiti, sentence 55

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From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked by vast numbers of those enslaved imported from Africa, and Saint-Domingue grew to become their richest colonial possession, generating 40% of France’s foreign trade and doubling the wealth generation of all of England’s colonies, combined.

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**Who acts:** French set, Saint Domingue, plantations, France · **What happens:** create, work, enslave, import, grow, become · **To what, where:** sugar, coffee plantations, Africa, richest colonial possession, wealth generation, colonies

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French set, Saint Domingue, plantations, France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:55
# text = The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked by vast numbers of those enslaved imported from Africa, and Saint-Domingue grew to become their richest colonial possession, generating 40% of France’s foreign trade and doubling the wealth generation of all of England’s colonies, combined.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	creating	create	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	nmod	_	_
17	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	imported	import	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	xcomp	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Domingue	Domingue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
30	richest	rich	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	32	amod	_	_
31	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	generating	generate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
35	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
38	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	’s	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	doubling	double	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	conj	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	46	nmod	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	52	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	’s	's	PART	POS	_	50	case	_	_
52	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | gerund | the French set *not said here* | sugar and coffee plantations |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Result |
| 2 | **work** | participle |  | coffee plantations *not said here* |  |  |  | by vast numbers of those | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **import** | participle |  |  |  | Africa |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from africa=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **grow** | past | Saint Domingue |  |  |  |  | the French set *conj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **become** | to-infinitive | Saint Domingue *not said here* | plantations's richest colonial possession |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **generate** | gerund | Saint Domingue *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent %=Patient |
| 8 | **double** | gerund | Saint Domingue *not said here* | the wealth generation of all of England's colonies |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent generation=Patient |
| 9 | **combine** | participle |  | England's colonies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 10 | **possess** |  | plantations *= plantation* |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 11 | **trade** |  | France |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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