---
title: As such, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Hait… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: As such, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Haiti, especially given the legacy of historic persecution and misrepresentation in popular media and culture, as well as modern stigmatization among segments of the growing Protestant population. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with 
---

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# Haiti, sentence 567

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From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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As such, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Haiti, especially given the legacy of historic persecution and misrepresentation in popular media and culture, as well as modern stigmatization among segments of the growing Protestant population.

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**What happens:** be, estimate, give, grow · **To what, where:** number, legacy, popular media

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:567
# text = As such, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Haiti, especially given the legacy of historic persecution and misrepresentation in popular media and culture, as well as modern stigmatization among segments of the growing Protestant population.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	expl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	estimate	estimate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Vodouists	Vodouist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Haiti	Haiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	legacy	legacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	persecution	persecution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	34	cc	_	_
32	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	31	fixed	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	fixed	_	_
34	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	stigmatization	stigmatization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	_
36	among	among	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	segments	segment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	42	amod	_	_
41	Protestant	protestant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as such; difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **estimate** | to-infinitive |  | the number of Vodouists in Haiti |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent number=Value |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  | the legacy of historic persecution and misrepresentation |  | popular media and culture |  | modern stigmatization among segments of the growing Protestant population *parataxis*; especially *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent legacy=Theme |
| 4 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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