---
title: The recognition of Creole as an official language has led to an expa… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: The recognition of Creole as an official language has led to an expansion of novels, poems, and plays in Creole. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Haiti, sentence 632

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From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The recognition of Creole as an official language has led to an expansion of novels, poems, and plays in Creole.

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**What happens:** lead, play, expand · **To what, where:** recognition, expansion, Creole, novels

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:632
# text = The recognition of Creole as an official language has led to an expansion of novels, poems, and plays in Creole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recognition	recognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Creole	creole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	novels	novel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Creole	Creole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · perfect · passive |  | the recognition of Creole as a official language |  | a expansion of novels and poems |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to expansion=Destination |
| 2 | **play** | present |  |  |  | Creole |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **expand** |  |  | novels and poems |  |  |  |  | nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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