---
title: With slavery abolished, Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and… — Haiti · tree and pragmatics
description: With slavery abolished, Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and he fought off the British and Spanish forces who had taken advantage of the situation and had invaded Saint-Domingue. Who acts: Louverture, support, British forces. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Haiti» with its dependency tree and pra
---

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# Haiti, sentence 85

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From Wikipedia, [«Haiti»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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With slavery abolished, Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and he fought off the British and Spanish forces who had taken advantage of the situation and had invaded Saint-Domingue.

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**Who acts:** Louverture, support, British forces · **What happens:** abolish, pledge, fight off, take, invade · **To what, where:** slavery, allegiance, France, British forces, advantage, Saint

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Louverture, support, British forces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Haiti:85
# text = With slavery abolished, Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and he fought off the British and Spanish forces who had taken advantage of the situation and had invaded Saint-Domingue.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	slavery	slavery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	abolished	abolish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	Louverture	Louverture	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pledged	pledge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	allegiance	allegiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	invaded	invade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
30	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Domingue	Domingue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abolish** | participle |  | slavery *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pledge** | past | Louverture | allegiance | France |  |  | with slavery | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent allegiance=Theme to france=Goal |
| 3 | **fight off** | past | support | the British forces |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **take** | past · perfect | the British forces | advantage of the situation |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
| 5 | **invade** | past · perfect | support *not said here* | Saint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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