---
title: In decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of t… — Hanoi · tree and pragmatics
description: In decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation. Who acts: motorbikes. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Hanoi» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Hanoi, sentence 221

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From Wikipedia, [«Hanoi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation.

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**Who acts:** motorbikes · **What happens:** overtake, form · **To what, where:** bicycles, transportation

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Hanoi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (motorbikes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Hanoi:221
# text = In decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	motorbikes	motorbike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	overtaken	overtake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	bicycles	bicycle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	transportation	transportation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overtake** | present · perfect | motorbikes | bicycles |  |  | decade | as the main form of transportation | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | transportation |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Hanoi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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