---
title: Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (Nguyễn dy… — Hanoi · tree and pragmatics
description: Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) under French protectorate in Tonkin, and since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like Cochinchina. Who acts: sentiment, French. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Hanoi» with its dependenc
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/93/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Hanoi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/) / 93

# Hanoi, sentence 93

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Hanoi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) under French protectorate in Tonkin, and since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like Cochinchina.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sentiment, French · **What happens:** belong, be, rule · **To what, where:** French protectorate, French concession

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Hanoi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sentiment, French), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Hanoi:93
# text = Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) under French protectorate in Tonkin, and since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like Cochinchina.
1	Nominally	nominally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Vietnam	Vietnam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Nguyễn	Nguyễn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	dynasty	dynasty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
14	under	under	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Tonkin	Tonkin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	since	since	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	1888	1888	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	concession	concession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	acl:relcl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
31	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
32	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	like	like	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Cochinchina	Cochinchina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | past | sentiment |  |  | French protectorate in Tonkin | since 1888; still | to the sovereignty of Vietnam; nominally *property* | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past · perfect | sentiment | a French concession |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rule** | past · perfect · passive | the French like Cochinchina |  |  |  |  | directly *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Hanoi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 92](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/92/)
- next →: [sentence 94](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/94/)
- ↑ back to [Hanoi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/)