---
title: After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the mo… — Havana · tree and pragmatics
description: After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the most heavily fortified city in the Americas; similar to Cartagena, a city that under the leadership of Blas de Lezo defeated a British invasion of 30,000 sailors during the Battle of Cartagena in 1741. Who acts: Spanish. A sentence of
---

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# Havana, sentence 59

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From Wikipedia, [«Havana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the most heavily fortified city in the Americas; similar to Cartagena, a city that under the leadership of Blas de Lezo defeated a British invasion of 30,000 sailors during the Battle of Cartagena in 1741.

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**Who acts:** Spanish · **What happens:** regain, transform, fortify, defeat, invade · **To what, where:** city, Havana, fortified city, leadership, 30,000 sailors

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Havana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Havana:59
# text = After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the most heavily fortified city in the Americas; similar to Cartagena, a city that under the leadership of Blas de Lezo defeated a British invasion of 30,000 sailors during the Battle of Cartagena in 1741.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	regaining	regain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	transformed	transform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Havana	Havana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	13	advmod	_	_
13	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Cartagena	Cartagena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
27	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Blas	Blas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
33	Lezo	Lezo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
34	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	invasion	invasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	30,000	30,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	_
41	during	during	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Battle	Battle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Cartagena	Cartagena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	1741	1741	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regain** | gerund | the Spanish *not said here* | the city |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme |
| 2 | **transform** | past | the Spanish | Havana |  |  |  | into the fortified city in the Americas *result* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent havana=Patient into city=Result |
| 3 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | heavily *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **defeat** | past |  | a city |  | the leadership of Blas | during the Battle of Cartagena | in 1741; a British invasion of 30,000 sailors *obj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **invade** |  |  | 30,000 sailors |  |  |  |  | nom invasion «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Havana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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