---
title: Recent research has shown that these expeditions, to the extent that… — Helsinki · tree and pragmatics
description: Recent research has shown that these expeditions, to the extent that there were even three of them, were not the crusades that had been imagined. Who acts: Recent research, extent, expeditions. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Helsinki» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Helsinki, sentence 42

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From Wikipedia, [«Helsinki»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Recent research has shown that these expeditions, to the extent that there were even three of them, were not the crusades that had been imagined.

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**Who acts:** Recent research, extent, expeditions · **What happens:** show, be, not be, imagine · **To what, where:** three, crusades

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Helsinki». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Recent research, extent, expeditions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Helsinki:42
# text = Recent research has shown that these expeditions, to the extent that there were even three of them, were not the crusades that had been imagined.
1	Recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	expeditions	expedition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	crusades	crusade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	imagined	imagine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · perfect | Recent research |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** | past | the extent *not said here* | three of expeditions |  | there |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot three=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past | this expeditions | the crusades |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **imagine** | past · perfect · passive |  | the crusades |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Helsinki», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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