--- title: Helsinki — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Helsinki», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Helsinki, until about 1930 known in English by its Swedish name of Helsingfors, is the capital and most populous city in Finland. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Helsinki # Helsinki · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Helsinki»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/5/) ### Twentieth century By the 1910s, Helsinki's population was already over 100,000, and despite the turbulence of Finnish history in the first half of the 20th century, Helsinki continued to grow steadily.[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") This included the [Finnish Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War) and the [Winter War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War), both of which left their mark on the city.[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") At the beginning of the 20th century, there were roughly equal numbers of Finnish and [Swedish speakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish-speaking_population_of_Finland) in Helsinki; the majority of workers were Finnish-speaking.[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") The local [Helsinki slang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_slang) (or stadin slangi) developed among Finnish children and young people from the 1890s as a mixed Finnish-Swedish language, with influences from [German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language) and [Russian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language), and from the 1950s the slang began to become more Finnish.[\[51\]](../../page/5/#ref-51 "note 51")[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") A landmark event was the [1952 Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics), which were held in Helsinki.[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") Finland's rapid urbanisation in the 1970s, which occurred late compared to the rest of Europe, tripled the population of the metropolitan area.[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") This increase in population put a strain on the existing transportation infrastructure and thus the [Helsinki Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Metro) subway system was built and put into operation in 1982.[\[52\]](../../page/5/#ref-52 "note 52")[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") This subway system expanded in 2017 and 2022 into Espoo, further improving the public transportation of the area.[\[53\]](../../page/5/#ref-53 "note 53")[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography Main article: [Geography of Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Helsinki) Known as the "Daughter of the Baltic"[\[2\]](../../page/5/#ref-2 "note 2") or the "Pearl of the Baltic",[\[3\]](../../page/5/#ref-3 "note 3")[\[54\]](../../page/5/#ref-54 "note 54") Helsinki is located at the tip of a peninsula and on 315 islands.[\[46\]](../../page/5/#ref-46 "note 46")[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") The city centre is located on a southern peninsula, Helsinginniemi ("Cape of Helsinki"), which is rarely referred to by its actual name, [Vironniemi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vironniemi) ("Cape of Estonia").[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") Population density is comparatively high in certain parts of downtown Helsinki, reaching 16494 PD/km2 in the district of [Kallio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallio), overall Helsinki's population density is 3,147 per square kilometre.[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") Outside the city centre, much of Helsinki consists of post-war suburbs separated by patches of forest.[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") A narrow, 10 km long [Helsinki Central Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_%28Helsinki%29), which stretches from the city centre to Helsinki's northern border, is an important recreational area for residents.[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") The City of Helsinki has about 11,000 boat [moorings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berth_%28moorings%29) and over 14,000 ha of marine fishing waters adjacent to the capital region.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") About 60 species of fish are found in this area, and recreational fishing is popular.[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") Helsinki's main islands include [Seurasaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seurasaari), [Lauttasaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauttasaari) and [Korkeasaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkeasaari) – the latter is home to Finland's largest zoo, [Korkeasaari Zoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkeasaari_Zoo).[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") The former military islands of [Vallisaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallisaari) and [Isosaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosaari) are now open to the public, but [Santahamina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santahamina) is still in military use.[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") The most historic and remarkable island is the fortress of [Suomenlinna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomenlinna) (Sveaborg).[\[55\]](../../page/5/#ref-55 "note 55")[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") The island of [Pihlajasaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pihlajasaari) is a popular summer resort, comparable to [Fire Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_Island) in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City).[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") There are 60 [nature reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserve) in Helsinki with a total area of 95480 acre.[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") Of the total area, 48190 acre are water areas and 47290 acre are land areas.[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") The city also has seven nature reserves in [Espoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoo), [Sipoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipoo), [Hanko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanko,_Finland) and [Ingå](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingå).[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") The largest nature reserve is the [Vanhankaupunginselkä](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhankaupunginselkä), with an area of 30600 acre.[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's first nature reserve, Tiiraluoto of Lauttasaari, was established in 1948.[\[56\]](../../page/5/#ref-56 "note 56")[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") Helsinki's official plant is the [Norway maple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_maple) and its official animal is the [red squirrel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_squirrel).[\[57\]](../../page/5/#ref-57 "note 57")[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Metropolitan area Main article: [Helsinki capital region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_capital_region), [Helsinki metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_metropolitan_area), [Helsinki urban area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_urban_area) The [Helsinki capital region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_capital_region) (Pääkaupunkiseutu, Huvudstadsregionen) comprises four municipalities: Helsinki, [Espoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoo), [Vantaa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantaa), and [Kauniainen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauniainen).[\[58\]](../../page/5/#ref-58 "note 58")[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Helsinki urban area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_urban_area) is considered to be the only [metropolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis) in [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland) [corpus](../../../Finland/ "in our corpus").[\[59\]](../../page/5/#ref-59 "note 59")[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") It has a population of about million, and is the most densely populated area of [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland) [corpus](../../../Finland/ "in our corpus").[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") The Capital Region spreads over a land area of 770 km2 and has a population density of 1,619 per km².[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") With over 20 percent of the country's population in just 0.2 percent of its surface area, the area's housing density is high by Finnish standards.[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Helsinki metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_metropolitan_area) or the Greater Helsinki consists of the cities of the capital region and ten surrounding municipalities: [Hyvinkää](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyvinkää), [Järvenpää](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Järvenpää), [Kerava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerava), [Kirkkonummi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkkonummi), [Nurmijärvi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurmijärvi), [Sipoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipoo), [Tuusula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuusula), [Pornainen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornainen), [Mäntsälä](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mäntsälä) and [Vihti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihti).[\[60\]](../../page/5/#ref-60 "note 60")[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") The Metropolitan Area covers 3697 km2 and has a population of about million, or about a fourth of the total population of Finland.[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") The metropolitan area has a high concentration of employment: approximately 750,000 jobs.[\[61\]](../../page/5/#ref-61 "note 61")[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") Despite the intensity of land use, the region also has large recreational areas and green spaces.[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") The Helsinki metropolitan area is the world's northernmost urban area with a population of over one million people, and the northernmost EU capital city.[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Helsinki urban area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_urban_area) is an officially recognized [urban area in Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areas_in_Finland), defined by its population density.[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") The area stretches throughout 11 municipalities, and is the largest such area in Finland, with a land area of 669.31 km2 and approximately 1.36 million inhabitants.[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Climate Helsinki has a cold [hemiboreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiboreal) [humid continental climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate) ([Köppen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification): Dfb, [Trewartha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification) Dcbo).[\[62\]](../../page/5/#ref-62 "note 62")[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") Due to the moderating influence of the [Baltic Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Sea) and the [North Atlantic Current](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Current) (see also [Extratropical cyclone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone)), winter temperatures are higher than the northern location would suggest, with an average of -4 C in January and February.[\[63\]](../../page/5/#ref-63 "note 63")[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") Winters in Helsinki are significantly warmer than in the north of Finland, and the snow season in the capital is much shorter due to its location in the extreme south of Finland and the [urban heat island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_heat_island) effect.[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") Temperatures below -20 C occur only a few times a year.[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") However, due to the latitude, the days around the [winter solstice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_solstice) are 5 hours and 48 minutes long, with the sun very low (at noon the sun is just over 6 degrees in the sky), and the cloudy weather at this time of year exacerbates the darkness.[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") Conversely, Helsinki enjoys long days in summer, with 18 hours and 57 minutes of daylight around the [summer solstice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_solstice).[\[64\]](../../page/5/#ref-64 "note 64")[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") The average maximum temperature from June to August is around 19 to 22 C. Due to the sea effect, especially on hot summer days, daytime temperatures are slightly cooler and nighttime temperatures higher than further inland.[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") The highest temperature recorded in the city was 33.2 C on 28 July 2019 at the [Kaisaniemi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisaniemi) weather station,[\[65\]](../../page/5/#ref-65 "note 65") breaking the previous record of 33.1 C set in July 1945 at the [Ilmala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmala) weather station.[\[66\]](../../page/5/#ref-66 "note 66")[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") The lowest temperature recorded in the city was -34.3 C on 10 January 1987, although an unofficial low of -35 C was recorded in December 1876.[\[67\]](../../page/5/#ref-67 "note 67")[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") [Helsinki Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Airport) (in Vantaa, 17 km north of Helsinki city centre) recorded a maximum temperature of 33.7 C on 29 July 2010 and a minimum of -35.9 C on 9 January 1987.[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") Precipitation comes from frontal passages and thunderstorms.[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") Thunderstorms are most common in summer.[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Neighbourhoods and other subdivisions Main article: [Subdivisions of Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Helsinki) Helsinki is divided into three major areas: [Helsinki City Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_City_Centre) (Helsingin kantakaupunki, Helsingfors innerstad), [North Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Helsinki) (Pohjois-Helsinki, Norra Helsingfors) and [East Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Helsinki) (Itä-Helsinki, Östra Helsingfors).[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") Of these, Helsinki City Centre means the undefined core area of capital, as opposed to [suburbs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburb).[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") The designations [business center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_district) and city center usually refer to [Kluuvi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluuvi), [Kamppi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamppi) and [Punavuori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punavuori).[\[68\]](../../page/5/#ref-68 "note 68")[\[69\]](../../page/5/#ref-69 "note 69")[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") Other subdivisional centers outside the downtown area include [Malmi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmi,_Helsinki) (Malm),[\[70\]](../../page/5/#ref-70 "note 70")[\[71\]](../../page/5/#ref-71 "note 71") located in the northeastern part of city, and [Itäkeskus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itäkeskus) (Östra centrum),[\[72\]](../../page/5/#ref-72 "note 72") in the eastern part of city.[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Cityscape ### Neoclassical and romantic nationalism trend [Carl Ludvig Engel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ludvig_Engel), appointed to plan a new city centre on his own, designed several [neoclassical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture) buildings in Helsinki.[\[46\]](../../page/5/#ref-46 "note 46")[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") The focal point of Engel's city plan was the [Senate Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Senate_Square).[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") It is surrounded by the [Government Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Palace_%28Finland%29) (to the east), the main building of Helsinki University (to the west), and (to the north) the large [Helsinki Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Cathedral), which was finished in 1852, twelve years after Engel's death.[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") Helsinki's [epithet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithet), "The White City of the North", derives from this construction era.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of Helsinki's older buildings were built after the 1808 fire; before that time, the oldest surviving building in the center of Helsinki is the [Sederholm House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sederholm_House) (1757) at the intersection of Senate Square and the Katariinankatu street.[\[43\]](../../page/5/#ref-43 "note 43")[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") Suomenlinna also has buildings completed in the 18th century, including the [Kuninkaanportti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuninkaanportti) on the [Kustaanmiekka Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kustaanmiekka) (1753–1754).[\[73\]](../../page/5/#ref-73 "note 73")[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") The oldest church in Helsinki is the Östersundom church, built in 1754.[\[74\]](../../page/5/#ref-74 "note 74")[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") Helsinki is also home to numerous [Art Nouveau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau)-influenced ([Jugend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil) in Finnish) buildings belonging to the Kansallisromantiikka ([romantic nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_nationalism)) trend, designed in the early 20th century and strongly influenced by [Kalevala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalevala), which was a common theme of the era.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") Helsinki's Art Nouveau style is also featured in central residential districts, such as [Katajanokka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katajanokka) and [Ullanlinna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullanlinna).[\[75\]](../../page/5/#ref-75 "note 75")[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") An important architect of the Finnish Art Nouveau style was [Eliel Saarinen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliel_Saarinen), whose architectural masterpiece was the [Helsinki Central Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Central_railway_station).[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") Opposite the [Bank of Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Finland) building is the [Renaissance Revivalish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture) the [House of the Estates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_the_Estates) (1891).[\[76\]](../../page/5/#ref-76 "note 76")[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") The only visible public buildings of the [Gothic Revival architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture) in Helsinki are [St. John's Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_Church,_Helsinki) (1891) in Ullanlinna, which is the largest stone church in Finland, and its twin towers rise to 74 meters and have 2,600 seats.[\[77\]](../../page/5/#ref-77 "note 77")[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") Other examples of neo-Gothic include the [House of Nobility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Nobility_%28Finland%29) in [Kruununhaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruununhaka) and the [Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic) [St. Henry's Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Henry%27s_Cathedral).[\[78\]](../../page/5/#ref-78 "note 78")[\[79\]](../../page/5/#ref-79 "note 79")[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") In addition to other cities in Northern Europe that were not under the [Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union), such as [Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm) [corpus](../../../Stockholm/ "in our corpus"), Sweden, Helsinki's neoclassical buildings gained also popularity as a backdrop for scenes intended to depict the Soviet Union in numerous Hollywood movies during the [Cold War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) era, when filming within the actual USSR was not possible.[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") Some of them, including [The Kremlin Letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kremlin_Letter) (1970), [Reds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reds_%28film%29) (1981), and [Gorky Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorky_Park_%28film%29) (1983).[\[80\]](../../page/5/#ref-80 "note 80") were possible due to such Russian cities as [Leningrad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leningrad) and [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow) [corpus](../../../Moscow/ "in our corpus") also having similar neoclassical architecture.[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") At the same time due to [Cold War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) and Finnish relations with the USSR the government secretly instructed Finnish officials not to extend assistance to such film projects.[\[81\]](../../page/5/#ref-81 "note 81")[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") The city has large numbers of underground areas such as shelters and tunnels, many used daily as swimming pool, church, water management, entertainment etc.[\[46\]](../../page/5/#ref-46 "note 46")[\[82\]](../../page/5/#ref-82 "note 82")[\[83\]](../../page/5/#ref-83 "note 83")[\[84\]](../../page/5/#ref-84 "note 84")[\[85\]](../../page/5/#ref-85 "note 85")[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Functionalism and modern architecture Helsinki also features several buildings by Finnish architect [Alvar Aalto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvar_Aalto),[\[55\]](../../page/5/#ref-55 "note 55") recognized as one of the pioneers of architectural [functionalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_%28architecture%29).[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") However, some of his works, such as the headquarters of the paper company [Stora Enso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stora_Enso) and the concert venue [Finlandia Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandia_Hall), have been subject to divided opinions from the citizens.[\[86\]](../../page/5/#ref-86 "note 86")[\[87\]](../../page/5/#ref-87 "note 87")[\[88\]](../../page/5/#ref-88 "note 88")[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") Functionalist buildings in Helsinki by other architects include the [Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium), the [Tennis Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennispalatsi), the [Rowing Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Töölö_Rowing_Stadium), the [Swimming Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium), the [Velodrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Velodrome), the [Glass Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasipalatsi), the [Töölö Sports Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Töölö_Sports_Hall), and [Helsinki-Malmi Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki-Malmi_Airport).[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") The sports venues were built to serve the 1940 Helsinki Olympic Games; the games were initially cancelled due to the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War), but the venues fulfilled their purpose in the [1952 Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics).[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") Many of them are listed by [DoCoMoMo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoCoMoMo) as significant examples of modern architecture.[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") [The Olympic Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium) and [Helsinki-Malmi Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki-Malmi_Airport) are also catalogued by the [Finnish Heritage Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_National_Board_of_Antiquities) as cultural-historical environments of national significance.[\[89\]](../../page/5/#ref-89 "note 89")[\[90\]](../../page/5/#ref-90 "note 90")[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Linnanmäki Amusement Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnanmäki), owned by the non-profit [Children's Day Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Day_Foundation), was opened in 1950.[\[91\]](../../page/5/#ref-91 "note 91")[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") When Finland became heavily urbanized in the 1960s and 1970s, the district of [Pihlajamäki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pihlajamäki), for example, was built in Helsinki for new residents, where for the first time in Finland, [precast concrete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concrete) was used on a large scale.[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") [Pikku Huopalahti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikku_Huopalahti), built in the 1980s and 1990s, has tried to get rid of a one-size-fits-all grid pattern, which means that its look is very organic and its streets are not repeated in the same way.[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") [Itäkeskus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itäkeskus) in [Eastern Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Helsinki) was the first regional center in the 1980s.[\[92\]](../../page/5/#ref-92 "note 92")[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") Efforts have also been made to protect Helsinki in the late 20th century, and many old buildings have been renovated.[\[92\]](../../page/5/#ref-92 "note 92")[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") [Modern architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture) is represented, for example, by the Museum of Contemporary Art [Kiasma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiasma),[\[55\]](../../page/5/#ref-55 "note 55") which consists of two straight and curved-walled parts, though this style strongly divided the opinions from the citizens.[\[88\]](../../page/5/#ref-88 "note 88")[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") Next to Kiasma is the glass-walled [Sanomatalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanomatalo) (1999).[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/5/) - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/) - next →: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Helsinki/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)