---
title: Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil res… — Hungary · tree and pragmatics
description: Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2020, which is the 25th highest ratio in the world. Who acts: Hungary. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Hungary» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hungary/377/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Hungary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hungary/) / 377

# Hungary, sentence 377

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Hungary»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2020, which is the 25th highest ratio in the world.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hungary · **What happens:** spend, be · **To what, where:** civil research, 25th highest ratio, world

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Hungary». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hungary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Hungary:377
# text = Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2020, which is the 25th highest ratio in the world.
1	Hungary	Hungary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	1.61	1.61	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	gross	gross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	GDP	gdp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	25th	25th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	26	amod	_	_
25	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
26	ratio	ratio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | Hungary |  |  |  |  | on civil research and development *goal*; in 2020 and the 25th highest ratio | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent %=Asset on research=Goal |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the 25th highest ratio |  | the world |  | which *nsubj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Hungary», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 376](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hungary/376/)
- next →: [sentence 378](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hungary/378/)
- ↑ back to [Hungary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hungary/)