---
title: However, volcanism and climatic changes later caused the extinction… — India · tree and pragmatics
description: However, volcanism and climatic changes later caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms. Who acts: volcanism. A sentence of Wikipedia's «India» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# India, sentence 176

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From Wikipedia, [«India»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, volcanism and climatic changes later caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms.

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**Who acts:** volcanism · **What happens:** cause, extinguish · **To what, where:** extinction, many endemic Indian forms

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (volcanism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:India:176
# text = However, volcanism and climatic changes later caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	volcanism	volcanism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	climatic	climatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	endemic	endemic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | volcanism and climatic changes | the extinction of many endemic Indian forms |  |  |  | however, late *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition extinction=Patient |
| 2 | **extinguish** |  |  | many endemic Indian forms |  |  |  |  | nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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