---
title: India's early COVID-19 lockdown bought time to rapidly increase loca… — India · tree and pragmatics
description: India's early COVID-19 lockdown bought time to rapidly increase local testing and protective gear production; however, later waves of the virus overwhelmed the healthcare system, leading to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds. Who acts: waves. A sentence of Wikipedia's «India» with it
---

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# India, sentence 372

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From Wikipedia, [«India»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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India's early COVID-19 lockdown bought time to rapidly increase local testing and protective gear production; however, later waves of the virus overwhelmed the healthcare system, leading to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds.

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**Who acts:** waves · **What happens:** buy, increase, overwhelm, lead, wave · **To what, where:** local testing, healthcare system, lockdown bought time, virus

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:India:372
# text = India's early COVID-19 lockdown bought time to rapidly increase local testing and protective gear production; however, later waves of the virus overwhelmed the healthcare system, leading to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds.
1	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
7	lockdown	lockdown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
13	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	testing	testing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	protective	protective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	gear	gear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
20	however	however	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	_
23	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	overwhelmed	overwhelm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	shortages	shortage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	intensive	intensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
40	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **increase** | to-infinitive |  | local testing and protective gear production |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer testing=Patient |
| 3 | **overwhelm** | past | waves of the virus | the healthcare system |  |  |  | however *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus system=Experiencer |
| 4 | **lead** | gerund | waves of the virus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to shortage=Patient |
| 6 | **wave** |  |  | the virus |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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