---
title: The Śulba Sūtras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sans… — India · tree and pragmatics
description: The Śulba Sūtras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit) (c. 700–400 BCE) contain the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem (although very likely it had been known to the Old Babylonians.) Who acts: Śulba Sūtras. A sentence of Wikipedia's «India» with its depe
---

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# India, sentence 416

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From Wikipedia, [«India»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Śulba Sūtras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit) (c. 700–400 BCE) contain the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem (although very likely it had been known to the Old Babylonians.)

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**Who acts:** Śulba Sūtras · **What happens:** contain, know · **To what, where:** earliest extant verbal expression, Sūtras

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Śulba Sūtras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:India:416
# text = The Śulba Sūtras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit) (c. 700–400 BCE) contain the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem (although very likely it had been known to the Old Babylonians.)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Śulba	Śulba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Sūtras	Sūtras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Aphorisms	aphorism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Chords	Chord	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Vedic	Vedic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	c.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
19	700	700	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	400	400	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	appos	_	_
22	BCE	BCE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
24	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
26	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	29	amod	_	_
27	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	verbal	verbal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Pythagorean	pythagorean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	theorem	theorem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
36	very	very	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	appos	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	acl:relcl	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	Babylonians	Babylonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | the Śulba Sūtras in Vedic Sanskrit | the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot expression=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | past · perfect · passive |  | Sūtras |  |  |  | to the Old Babylonians | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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