---
title: By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex… — India · tree and pragmatics
description: By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms. Who acts: system. A sentence of Wikipedia's «India» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# India, sentence 69

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From Wikipedia, [«India»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms.

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**Who acts:** system · **What happens:** create, become · **To what, where:** Gupta Empire, greater Ganges, model

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:India:69
# text = By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	4th	4th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	5th	5th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	3	conj	_	_
6	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Gupta	Gupta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	complex	complex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
24	Plain	Plain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	33	advmod	_	_
33	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | past · perfect · passive |  | the Gupta Empire |  | the greater Ganges | century | a complex system of administration and taxation *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | this system | a model |  |  |  | for Indian kingdoms | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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