---
title: Simultaneously, Buddhism and Jainism, which had favoured a conservat… — India · tree and pragmatics
description: Simultaneously, Buddhism and Jainism, which had favoured a conservative transactionalism, were replaced by kingly devotion to the gods of particular places, which became a characteristic of the Bhakti movement. Who acts: kingly devotion, particular places. A sentence of Wikipedia's «India» with its 
---

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# India, sentence 74

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From Wikipedia, [«India»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Simultaneously, Buddhism and Jainism, which had favoured a conservative transactionalism, were replaced by kingly devotion to the gods of particular places, which became a characteristic of the Bhakti movement.

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**Who acts:** kingly devotion, particular places · **What happens:** favour, replace, become · **To what, where:** Buddhism, conservative transactionalism, characteristic

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingly devotion, particular places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:India:74
# text = Simultaneously, Buddhism and Jainism, which had favoured a conservative transactionalism, were replaced by kingly devotion to the gods of particular places, which became a characteristic of the Bhakti movement.
1	Simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	favoured	favour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	conservative	conservative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	transactionalism	transactionalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	kingly	kingly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	devotion	devotion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	xcomp	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Bhakti	Bhakti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **favour** | past · perfect · passive |  | Buddhism and Jainism |  |  |  | which *nsubj:pass*; a conservative transactionalism *obj*; simultaneously *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **replace** | past · passive | kingly devotion | a conservative transactionalism *not said here* |  |  |  | to the gods of particular places | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | past | particular places | a characteristic of the Bhakti movement |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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