---
title: Indonesian, a standardised variety of Malay, is the official and nat… — Indonesia · tree and pragmatics
description: Indonesian, a standardised variety of Malay, is the official and national language as well as the nation's lingua franca. Who acts: Indonesian. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Indonesia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Indonesia, sentence 15

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From Wikipedia, [«Indonesia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Indonesian, a standardised variety of Malay, is the official and national language as well as the nation's lingua franca.

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**Who acts:** Indonesian · **What happens:** standardis, be · **To what, where:** official national language

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Indonesia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indonesian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Indonesia:15
# text = Indonesian, a standardised variety of Malay, is the official and national language as well as the nation's lingua franca.
1	Indonesian	indonesian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	standardised	standardis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	21	cc	_	_
16	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	fixed	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	lingua	lingua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
22	franca	franca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **standardis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Indonesian | the official national language as the nation's lingua |  |  |  | the nation's lingua *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Indonesia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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