---
title: Malay had long served as a lingua franca in the archipelago before I… — Indonesia · tree and pragmatics
description: Malay had long served as a lingua franca in the archipelago before Indonesian nationalists adopted it as a language of unity through the 1928 Youth Pledge. Who acts: Indonesian nationalists. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Indonesia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Indonesia, sentence 261

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From Wikipedia, [«Indonesia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Malay had long served as a lingua franca in the archipelago before Indonesian nationalists adopted it as a language of unity through the 1928 Youth Pledge.

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**Who acts:** Indonesian nationalists · **What happens:** serve, adopt · **To what, where:** Malay, archipelago, 1928 Youth Pledge

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Indonesia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indonesian nationalists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Indonesia:261
# text = Malay had long served as a lingua franca in the archipelago before Indonesian nationalists adopted it as a language of unity through the 1928 Youth Pledge.
1	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lingua	lingua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	franca	franca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	archipelago	archipelago	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	nationalists	nationalist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	unity	unity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	through	through	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	1928	1928	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
25	Youth	Youth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Pledge	Pledge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past · perfect · passive |  | Malay |  |  |  | as a lingua in the archipelago; long *property* | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as lingua=Attribute |
| 2 | **adopt** | past | Indonesian nationalists | archipelago |  | the 1928 Youth Pledge |  | as a language of unity | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Theme as language=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Indonesia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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