---
title: Beginning in the third millennium BCE, Austronesian-speaking communi… — Indonesia · tree and pragmatics
description: Beginning in the third millennium BCE, Austronesian-speaking communities moved south from Taiwan through the Philippines and into the Indonesian archipelago, where related languages eventually spread across most of the islands. Who acts: speaking communities, related languages. A sentence of Wikiped
---

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# Indonesia, sentence 34

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From Wikipedia, [«Indonesia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Beginning in the third millennium BCE, Austronesian-speaking communities moved south from Taiwan through the Philippines and into the Indonesian archipelago, where related languages eventually spread across most of the islands.

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**Who acts:** speaking communities, related languages · **What happens:** begin, speak, move, spread · **To what, where:** third millennium, Taiwan, most · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Indonesia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speaking communities, related languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Indonesia:34
# text = Beginning in the third millennium BCE, Austronesian-speaking communities moved south from Taiwan through the Philippines and into the Indonesian archipelago, where related languages eventually spread across most of the islands.
1	Beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	millennium	millennium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	BCE	BCE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	Austronesian	Austronesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	communities	community	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	south	south	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Philippines	Philippines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Ptan	12	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	archipelago	archipelago	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	29	advmod	_	_
26	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	eventually	eventually	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
30	across	across	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	29	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund | speaking communities *not said here* |  |  | the third millennium |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | Austronesian *compound* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move** | past | speaking communities |  |  | Taiwan |  | through the Philippines and the Indonesian archipelago; south *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme from taiwan=Source through philippines=Trajectory |
| 4 | **spread** | present | related languages |  |  | most of the islands |  | eventually *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across most=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Indonesia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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