---
title: Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astron… — Iran · tree and pragmatics
description: Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and art were renewed during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo, a period during which Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule and revived the Persian language. Who acts: Iranian Muslim dynasties. A sentence of Wikipe
---

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# Iran, sentence 12

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From Wikipedia, [«Iran»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and art were renewed during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo, a period during which Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule and revived the Persian language.

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**Who acts:** Iranian Muslim dynasties · **What happens:** renew, end, revive · **To what, where:** Innovations, Arab rule, Persian language

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iranian Muslim dynasties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iran:12
# text = Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and art were renewed during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo, a period during which Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule and revived the Persian language.
1	Innovations	innovation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	renewed	renew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	Islamic	Islamic	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	Golden	Golden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	Iranian	Iranian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	Intermezzo	Intermezzo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
27	during	during	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	obl	_	_
29	Iranian	Iranian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	dynasties	dynasty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
32	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
33	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	revived	revive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	Persian	persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **renew** | past · passive |  | Innovations in literature and philosophy and mathematics and medicine |  |  | during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **end** | past | Iranian Muslim dynasties | Arab rule |  |  | during a period |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality rule=Eventuality |
| 3 | **revive** | past | Iranian Muslim dynasties *not said here* | the Persian language |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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