---
title: Iran's living fauna includes 34 bat species, Indian grey mongoose, s… — Iran · tree and pragmatics
description: Iran's living fauna includes 34 bat species, Indian grey mongoose, small Indian mongoose, golden jackal, Indian wolf, foxes, striped hyena, leopard, Eurasian lynx, brown bear and Asian black bear. Who acts: living fauna. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iran» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Iran, sentence 272

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From Wikipedia, [«Iran»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Iran's living fauna includes 34 bat species, Indian grey mongoose, small Indian mongoose, golden jackal, Indian wolf, foxes, striped hyena, leopard, Eurasian lynx, brown bear and Asian black bear.

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**Who acts:** living fauna · **What happens:** include · **To what, where:** 34 bat species

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living fauna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iran:272
# text = Iran's living fauna includes 34 bat species, Indian grey mongoose, small Indian mongoose, golden jackal, Indian wolf, foxes, striped hyena, leopard, Eurasian lynx, brown bear and Asian black bear.
1	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	34	34	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mongoose	mongoose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	mongoose	mongoose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	striped	striped	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hyena	hyena	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	Eurasian	eurasian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	lynx	lynx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Iran's living fauna | 34 bat species  Indian grey mongoose and small Indian mongoose  golden jackal and foxes and striped hyena and leopard and Eurasian lynx and brown bear and Asian black bear |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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