---
title: Inscriptions in the Proto-Elamite script, which predates cuneiform,… — Iran · tree and pragmatics
description: Inscriptions in the Proto-Elamite script, which predates cuneiform, have been found from the early third millennium BC. Who acts: Elamite script. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iran» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/42/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Iran](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/) / 42

# Iran, sentence 42

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Iran»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inscriptions in the Proto-Elamite script, which predates cuneiform, have been found from the early third millennium BC.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Elamite script · **What happens:** predate, find · **To what, where:** cuneiform, Inscriptions, early third millennium

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elamite script), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iran:42
# text = Inscriptions in the Proto-Elamite script, which predates cuneiform, have been found from the early third millennium BC.
1	Inscriptions	inscription	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	Proto	Proto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Elamite	Elamite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	predates	predate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	cuneiform	cuneiform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
20	millennium	millennium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **predate** | present | the Elamite script | cuneiform |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cuneiform=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | Inscriptions in the Elamite script |  | the early third millennium |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from millennium=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/41/)
- next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/43/)
- ↑ back to [Iran](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/)