---
title: Others include speakers of other Iranian languages, within the great… — Iran · tree and pragmatics
description: Others include speakers of other Iranian languages, within the greater Indo-European family, and languages belonging to other ethnicities. Who acts: Others, languages. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iran» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Iran, sentence 574

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From Wikipedia, [«Iran»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Others include speakers of other Iranian languages, within the greater Indo-European family, and languages belonging to other ethnicities.

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**Who acts:** Others, languages · **What happens:** include, belong · **To what, where:** speakers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Others, languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iran:574
# text = Others include speakers of other Iranian languages, within the greater Indo-European family, and languages belonging to other ethnicities.
1	Others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Iranian	Iranian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
11	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
12	Indo	Indo	X	AFX	_	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	ethnicities	ethnicity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Others | speakers of other Iranian languages |  |  |  | the greater European family and languages *parataxis* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Theme |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund | languages *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to other ethnicities | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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