---
title: Around 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed. — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: Around 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Iraq, sentence 180

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From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Around 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed.

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**What happens:** kill · **To what, where:** 40,000 fighters

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:180
# text = Around 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed.
1	Around	around	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	fighters	fighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	civilians	civilian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · passive |  | 40,000 fighters and civilians |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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