---
title: The country is subject to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall,… — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: The country is subject to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall, and suffers from increasing water scarcity for a human population that rose tenfold between 1890 and 2010 and continues to rise. Who acts: country, human population. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and prag
---

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# Iraq, sentence 249

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From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The country is subject to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall, and suffers from increasing water scarcity for a human population that rose tenfold between 1890 and 2010 and continues to rise.

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**Who acts:** country, human population · **What happens:** be, rise, reduce, suffer, increase, continue · **To what, where:** water scarcity, tenfold

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, human population), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:249
# text = The country is subject to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall, and suffers from increasing water scarcity for a human population that rose tenfold between 1890 and 2010 and continues to rise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	subject	subject	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	amod	_	_
7	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	suffers	suffer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	increasing	increase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	tenfold	tenfold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	between	between	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	1890	1890	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	2010	2010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	continues	continue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the country |  |  |  |  | to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall; subject *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |
| 4 | **suffer** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **increase** | gerund |  | water scarcity |  |  |  | for a human population | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer scarcity=Patient |
| 6 | **rise** | past | a human population | tenfold |  |  |  | between 1890 | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tenfold=Theme |
| 7 | **continue** | present | a human population *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 8 | **rise** | to-infinitive | a human population *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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