---
title: The tenth-century geographer al-Maqdisi, defending his use of "Iraq"… — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: The tenth-century geographer al-Maqdisi, defending his use of "Iraq" instead of the ancient name "Babylonia", noted that it was the only name used in his time. Who acts: century geographer, geographer, al. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/33/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Iraq](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/) / 33

# Iraq, sentence 33

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tenth-century geographer al-Maqdisi, defending his use of "Iraq" instead of the ancient name "Babylonia", noted that it was the only name used in his time.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** century geographer, geographer, al · **What happens:** defend, note, be, use · **To what, where:** use, only name, Iraq

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (century geographer, geographer, al), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:33
# text = The tenth-century geographer al-Maqdisi, defending his use of "Iraq" instead of the ancient name "Babylonia", noted that it was the only name used in his time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	tenth	tenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	geographer	geographer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
6	al	Al	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Maqdisi	Maqdisi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	defending	defend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
17	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Babylonia	Babylonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	noted	note	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
33	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | gerund | the century geographer *not said here* | al's use of Iraq |  |  |  | instead the ancient name | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent use=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **note** | past | the century geographer |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | geographer | the only name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  | the only name *not said here* |  |  | time |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **use** |  | al | Iraq |  |  |  | instead the ancient name | nom use «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient instead=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/32/)
- next →: [sentence 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/34/)
- ↑ back to [Iraq](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/)