---
title: Since then traffic has been a serious issue, specially in Baghdad. — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: Since then traffic has been a serious issue, specially in Baghdad. Who acts: traffic. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Iraq, sentence 399

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From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since then traffic has been a serious issue, specially in Baghdad.

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**Who acts:** traffic · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** serious issue

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traffic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:399
# text = Since then traffic has been a serious issue, specially in Baghdad.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	obl	_	_
3	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	issue	issue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	specially	specially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Baghdad	Baghdad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | traffic | a serious issue |  |  |  | Baghdad *appos* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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- ← previous: [sentence 398](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/398/)
- next →: [sentence 400](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/400/)
- ↑ back to [Iraq](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/)