---
title: However, the rapid increase in primary education students has strain… — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: However, the rapid increase in primary education students has strained the system. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Iraq, sentence 540

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From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, the rapid increase in primary education students has strained the system.

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**What happens:** strain · **To what, where:** rapid increase

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:540
# text = However, the rapid increase in primary education students has strained the system.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	primary	primary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	strained	strain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strain** | present · perfect · passive |  | the rapid increase in primary education students |  |  |  | the system *obj*; however *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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