---
title: Repetition rates have reached almost 17%, causing a loss of approxim… — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: Repetition rates have reached almost 17%, causing a loss of approximately 20% of education funding in 2014–2015. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Iraq» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/544/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Iraq](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/) / 544

# Iraq, sentence 544

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repetition rates have reached almost 17%, causing a loss of approximately 20% of education funding in 2014–2015.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** reach, cause · **To what, where:** Repetition rates, loss, 2014

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:544
# text = Repetition rates have reached almost 17%, causing a loss of approximately 20% of education funding in 2014–2015.
1	Repetition	repetition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	funding	funding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	2015	2015	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present · perfect · passive |  | Repetition rates |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund |  | a loss |  | 2014 – 2015 |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition loss=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 543](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/543/)
- next →: [sentence 545](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/545/)
- ↑ back to [Iraq](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/)