---
title: The literature in Iraq is often referred to as "Mesopotamian literat… — Iraq · tree and pragmatics
description: The literature in Iraq is often referred to as "Mesopotamian literature" due to the flourishing of various civilisations as a result of the mixture of these cultures and has been called Mesopotamian or Babylonian literature in allusion to the geographical territory that such cultures occupied in the
---

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# Iraq, sentence 589

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From Wikipedia, [«Iraq»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The literature in Iraq is often referred to as "Mesopotamian literature" due to the flourishing of various civilisations as a result of the mixture of these cultures and has been called Mesopotamian or Babylonian literature in allusion to the geographical territory that such cultures occupied in the Middle East between the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

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**Who acts:** that · **What happens:** refer, flourish, call, culture, occupy, result · **To what, where:** literature, Mesopotamian literature, allusion, such cultures, Middle East, mixture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Iraq:589
# text = The literature in Iraq is often referred to as "Mesopotamian literature" due to the flourishing of various civilisations as a result of the mixture of these cultures and has been called Mesopotamian or Babylonian literature in allusion to the geographical territory that such cultures occupied in the Middle East between the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Mesopotamian	mesopotamian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
14	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	flourishing	flourish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	civilisations	civilisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	cultures	culture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
34	Mesopotamian	Mesopotamian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	xcomp	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	Babylonian	Babylonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	allusion	allusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	geographical	geographical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
44	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	46	nsubj	_	_
45	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	cultures	culture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
47	occupied	occupy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	acl	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
52	between	between	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
57	Tigris	Tigris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	compound	_	_
58	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
59	Euphrates	Euphrates	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	conj	_	_
60	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present · passive |  | the literature in Iraq | Mesopotamian literature |  |  | often *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to literature=Recipient |
| 2 | **flourish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of various civilisations; as a result of the mixture of this cultures | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | allusion to the geographical territory and such cultures |  | Mesopotamian or Babylonian literature *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **culture** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **occupy** | participle |  | such cultures *not said here* |  | the Middle East |  | between the banks of the Tigris rivers | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **result** |  |  | the mixture of this cultures |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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