---
title: Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland w… — Ireland · tree and pragmatics
description: Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in County Clare. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ireland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ireland, sentence 35

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From Wikipedia, [«Ireland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in County Clare.

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**What happens:** date, demonstrate, butcher, find, evidence · **To what, where:** earliest evidence, butchered bear bone, cave, human activity

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ireland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ireland:35
# text = Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in County Clare.
1	Until	until	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	dated	date	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	12,500	12,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	butchered	butcher	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
23	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:agent	_	_
25	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	County	County	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	Clare	Clare	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **date** | past · passive |  | the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **demonstrate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | a butchered bear bone *obl:agent* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **butcher** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **find** | participle |  | a butchered bear bone *not said here* |  | a cave in County |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **evidence** |  |  | human activity in Ireland |  |  |  |  | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ireland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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