---
title: Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the Ga… — Ireland · tree and pragmatics
description: Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the Gaeltacht, are in linguistic decline. Who acts: Traditional rural speaking areas. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ireland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ireland, sentence 409

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From Wikipedia, [«Ireland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the Gaeltacht, are in linguistic decline.

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**Who acts:** Traditional rural speaking areas · **What happens:** speak, know, be · **To what, where:** Traditional rural speaking areas, linguistic decline · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ireland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Traditional rural speaking areas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ireland:409
# text = Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the Gaeltacht, are in linguistic decline.
1	Traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
2	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	collectively	collectively	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Gaeltacht	Gaeltacht	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | Traditional rural speaking areas *not said here* |  |  |  | as the Gaeltacht; collectively *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as gaeltacht=Attribute |
| 3 | **is** | present | Traditional rural speaking areas |  |  | linguistic decline |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ireland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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