--- title: The Bronze Age began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing peopl… — Ireland · tree and pragmatics description: The Bronze Age began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing oxen, weaving textiles, brewing alcohol and metalworking, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/44/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Ireland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/) / 44 # Ireland, sentence 44 From Wikipedia, [«Ireland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. The Bronze Age began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing oxen, weaving textiles, brewing alcohol and metalworking, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as brooches and torcs. **Who acts:** Bronze Age, alcohol · **What happens:** begin, change, harness, weave, brew, produce · **To what, where:** 2,500, everyday lives, innovations, oxen, textiles, alcohol This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ireland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bronze Age, alcohol), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Ireland:44 # text = The Bronze Age began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing oxen, weaving textiles, brewing alcohol and metalworking, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as brooches and torcs. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Bronze Bronze PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Age Age PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 around around ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 2,500 2500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 7 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 technology technology NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 11 changing change VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 12 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 everyday everyday ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 16 during during ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ _ 18 period period NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 19 through through ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 innovations innovation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 21 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 24 case _ _ 22 as as ADP IN _ 21 fixed _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 harnessing harness VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ _ 27 oxen ox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 weaving weave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ _ 30 textiles textile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 brewing brew VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ _ 33 alcohol alcohol NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 metalworking metalworking NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 38 produced produce VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 39 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 weapons weapon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 tools tool NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 44 along along ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 45 with with ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 47 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 compound _ _ 48 decoration decoration NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 appos _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 jewellery jewellery NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 52 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 54 case _ _ 53 as as ADP IN _ 52 fixed _ _ 54 brooches brooch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 conj _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 56 torcs torc NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 57 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | the Bronze Age | 2,500 BC | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **change** | gerund | the Bronze Age *not said here* | people's everyday lives | | innovations such the wheel | during this period | with technology | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent life=Theme with technology=Co-Agent | | 3 | **harness** | gerund | the Bronze Age *not said here* | oxen | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ox=Destination | | 4 | **weave** | gerund | the Bronze Age *not said here* | textiles | | | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent textile=Product | | 5 | **brew** | gerund | the Bronze Age *not said here* | alcohol and metalworking | | | | | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alcohol=Product | | 6 | **produce** | past | alcohol and metalworking | new weapons and tools and brooches and torcs | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ireland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/43/) - next →: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/45/) - ↑ back to [Ireland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/)